Preliminary data from a survey of food and housing insecurity at the 天美影视传媒鈥檚 three campuses shows that an estimated 190 students may lack a stable place to live, and about one-quarter of students have worried recently about having enough to eat.

Results of the online survey, conducted by UW faculty in 2018, are still being finalized. But an early look provides estimates of the numbers of students who could be considered homeless, who rely on food banks or skip meals, and for whom the costs of housing and food clearly present a challenge as they try to obtain a college degree.

As students nationwide grapple with the costs of living 鈥� hundreds of colleges and universities, including the UW, provide some form of food pantry, emergency housing and other forms of assistance 鈥� 天美影视传媒 faculty and administrators have wanted to identify the scope of the problem on the Seattle, Tacoma and Bothell campuses. Officials say these initial results help establish a baseline for quantifying, and addressing, food and housing issues among the university鈥檚 nearly 55,000 undergraduate and graduate students.

The researchers will discuss some of these findings Friday at a workshop called . The event, held at El Centro de la Raza in Seattle, is organized by the UW, Seattle University and Seattle Pacific University.

鈥淎s the cost of living increases, we are seeing more cases where 鈥� in addition to the normal stresses and challenges of completing a college education 鈥撎齭ome of our students are struggling to maintain stable living situations and reliable nourishment,鈥� said Denzil Suite, UW鈥檚 vice president for Student Life. 听鈥淲e certainly have a role in ensuring that our students are able to maintain these basic necessities, and we have taken important steps in that direction. These findings will help us not only assess the problem, but inform how we can continue to address it.鈥�

Based on information contained in this , the university will reconvene its task force on Food & Housing Insecurity to examine how to mitigate the challenges students are facing, Suite said.

鈥淲e must not romanticize the 鈥榮tarving student鈥� clich茅,鈥� said , an environmental psychologist, professor in the UW College of Built Environments and one of three faculty members who led the study. Nationwide, , a shift in demographics.

鈥淲e鈥檙e in an era now when we need to take those shorthanded scripts about poverty among students and look at them more seriously for the realities that students face, their vulnerabilities and what they need for their health and well-being,鈥� Manzo said. 鈥淲e need to rethink who our students are and what their needs are in a growing region that鈥檚 unaffordable.鈥�

The idea for the survey began at a 2016 faculty summit hosted by , an interdisciplinary effort to tackle city issues through research, teaching and community collaboration. From that summit came the (HRI), which connects faculty researchers involved in homelessness issues across the Seattle, Bothell and Tacoma campuses. HRI鈥檚 initiatives have supported faculty in their efforts to, for example, develop a multidisciplinary social change curriculum, and establish a safe community hub for social services and identifying housing- and food-insecure UW students. This study was initiated and implemented by the faculty researchers themselves under the umbrella of Urban@UW and with the help of partnerships across the three campuses. UW Housing and Food Services and President Ana Mari Cauce鈥檚 Emerging Priorities Fund provided some financial support for the analysis.

The confidential, voluntary survey, administered during February and March 2018, posed a series of questions about current, past-month and past-year living situations, access to food, strategies for obtaining adequate food and housing, and sources of financial support. Methods for assembling a study sample varied slightly by campus: At UW Tacoma, a survey link was sent to all students; at the Bothell and Seattle campuses, students were sent the link at random. These different sampling strategies were used to balance the needs of each campus with a rigorous research approach.

From those efforts, 5,440 undergraduate and graduate students ages 18 and older responded, a 20% response rate based on the number of students who received the survey. The majority of respondents were from the Seattle campus, with one-fifth from UW Tacoma and one-tenth from UW Bothell. Two-thirds of respondents were female, and fewer than half were white, non-international students.

Researchers then weighted the results statistically to project data proportionate to the entire tri-campus population (referred to as 鈥減opulation-level data鈥�).

, an assistant professor in the Evans School of Public Policy & Governance and one of the study鈥檚 three investigators, said the results are still being finalized and interpreted. No one can say authoritatively, for example, exactly how many students are living in vehicles. But this estimate reflects the likelihood of such a circumstance, given the statistical extrapolation from the sample data, she said.

鈥淚t is clear that a minority of our university population is struggling,鈥� Fyall said. 鈥淭hey may be better off than some of the nonstudent population who are struggling with housing and food insecurity, but it is undeniable that there are substantial unmet needs at the UW.鈥�

Other key findings include:

• About 160 people 鈥攁n estimated 0.3% of the entire population 鈥攍ive in a car, shelter or 鈥渙ther area not intended for habitation.鈥�
• In the year leading up to the survey, an estimated 4,800 to 5,600 students experienced housing instability: They spent nights in a vehicle, shelter or tent, or doubled-up with friends.
• More than one-third of students said they 鈥渟ometimes鈥� or 鈥渙ften鈥� couldn鈥檛 afford to eat balanced meals, while 20% said they sometimes or often ran out of food, and didn鈥檛 have enough money to buy more.
• An estimated 9,400 to 10,500 students in a given month cut the size of their meals or skipped meals to keep their costs down.
• Some 21% said a rent increase in the last year had made it difficult to pay rent.

Similar studies at other universities around the country have turned up a wide range of data on student homelessness and hunger. Fyall, Manzo and co-author , an associate professor of Nursing and Healthcare Leadership Programs at UW Tacoma, explained that differences in methodology, such as who is included in the study sample or how questions are worded, can impact outcomes and make it hard to accurately compare one study to another.

The UW study, for instance, includes graduate students, which many other food and housing insecurity studies haven鈥檛 done, and means many responses could come from students who support partners and children, as well.

The survey also relied on the U.S. Department of Agriculture鈥檚 : the reduced quality, variety and desirability in a person鈥檚 diet, sometimes alongside lower food intake. Surveys elsewhere have asked about 鈥渉unger,鈥� which can generate different kinds of responses and interpretations.

UW researchers see a bottom-line takeaway: Students are struggling 鈥� some severely 鈥� with a lack of affordable housing and a generally high cost of living, while trying to go to class and achieve their goals.

Stevens, who helped launch a food pantry at UW Tacoma five years ago, said those survival issues 鈥� where to live and whether to eat 鈥� affect student health and success. If you don鈥檛 eat, you can鈥檛 concentrate, and you don鈥檛 do well in school, Stevens said. If you鈥檙e working multiple jobs to pay tuition and your bills, then the jobs probably come first.

鈥淭he problem is not in the students,鈥� Stevens said. 鈥淭he problem is in the economics of the system, the lack of financial aid to meet the need, and the lack of affordable housing to spend it on. We tend to look at the students as the problem, as separate from what is happening from the system-wide issues.鈥�

In addition to the food pantry, UW Tacoma has funded a full-time case manager to identify student needs and alert faculty to available resources to help students. Private donors support an emergency aid program that offers primarily cash assistance to students, and the campus recently collaborated with the Tacoma Housing Authority and a private developer on a property-subsidy program to get homeless students into housing.

UW Bothell also has an emergency aid program, and a food pantry in two locations, one on campus and the other in student housing. New this school year is a Health and Wellness Resource Center, which, among other services, connects students with one-time rental assistance and helps them enroll in the federal Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.

And on the Seattle campus, efforts to address food and housing insecurity have extended to both the campus population and to young people in the surrounding neighborhood.

After a significant increase in the number of student visits from one academic year to the next, the Any Hungry Husky program last fall expanded and made permanent its . Both the campus and partner organizations in Seattle鈥檚 University District have hosted quarterly pop-up events 鈥� part social service fair, part pay-as-you-can caf茅 鈥� through , an effort led by Josephine Ensign, a professor in the UW School of Nursing, and supported by the Homelessness Research Initiative.

鈥淭he health and welfare of our students is our primary concern. That starts with reliable housing and access to food,鈥� Suite said. 鈥淭his survey deepens our ongoing effort to fully understand the need that exists, and we are committed to reviewing and updating our efforts to support our students in the years to come.鈥�

Researchers say their next step will be to examine the way food and housing needs are distributed across the student population. The team expects that different student populations have different levels of need around food and housing insecurity, and future findings will help the university consider how and where to target additional assistance.

听

For more information on the survey, contact Fyall at fyall@uw.edu or 206-616-7677, Manzo at lmanzo@uw.edu or 206-616-8697, or Stevens at cstevens@uw.edu or 253-692-5675.

It started with a Sunday afternoon caf茅 outside a community center last December 鈥� the 天美影视传媒鈥檚 to reach homeless youth around the U District.

In the eight months since, the UW鈥檚 effort, known as , has offered a caf茅 in the neighborhood each quarter, while students have helped add services 鈥� from preventive health care to establishing a fundraising organization to designing a permanent caf茅 home.

Now, as The Doorway Project prepares for its summer caf茅 on Friday, faculty, students and partner organizations are planning a second, expanded school year of serving the neighborhood, which has one of the largest concentrations of homeless young adults in the area. The 2018 Count Us In point-in-time count 鈥� a one-night tally in January 鈥� found 1,518 homeless youth and young adults under age 25 in King County.

鈥淲e have a relatively unique vision, a caf茅 that is welcoming of all community members and isn鈥檛 the 鈥榟omeless youth caf茅,鈥欌�� said听, a professor in the UW School of Nursing and director of The Doorway Project. 听鈥淭he young people we have worked with at the pop-up cafes tell us they like not feeling the stigma of a homeless specific shelter or drop-in center. On a macro level, the working through multiple community-campus partnerships while simultaneously delivering services was a success. Now we鈥檙e trying to build on the considerable assets of young people and our community.鈥�

The Doorway Project emerged as part of Urban@UW鈥檚 . The UW received $1 million from the state over two years, to be shared between the university and its community partner in the endeavor, The longtime Seattle organization coordinates social service resources for homeless youth, while at the UW, the schools of nursing and social work are leading the community-based participatory data collection that informs design and planning for the permanent, indoor home for the caf茅 and its related services. With Doorway funds, the UW Carlson Leadership & Public Service Center provides 10 paid student internships with community partners serving homeless youth. These student interns provided 1,900 hours of community service for the first year of the Doorway Project.

Attendance at the caf茅 events was one success, Ensign said. Some 400 people participated in the pop-up cafes, which aim to take a navigation center approach: In addition to meals, the events offer basic medical care and resources for transportation, education, legal help, housing and other social and support services.

Student involvement helped expand the reach, she added. A number of groups, both formal and informal, have provided services, such as the Health Sciences students who offer care through University District Street Medicine, and the Doorway Project registered student organization, which since January has organized volunteers and recently set up a page to help support the caf茅鈥檚 鈥減ay-it-forward鈥� model. Not everyone carries cash to put toward meals on site, Doorway Project research assistant explained, so the online fundraising link gives people a chance to donate outside of the event.

UW students see homelessness 鈥渁ll around them every day,鈥� said Weatherton, a graduate student in nursing who specializes in mental health.

鈥淚t鈥檚 been an opportunity for them to plug into the larger University District community and begin to make a difference both on and off campus,鈥� he said.

Moving operations indoors is a priority for Doorway鈥檚 second year, Ensign said, as is, ultimately, landing a permanent spot for the caf茅 in the University District. The quarterly cafes have rotated around the neighborhood so far.

An initial schematic for the caf茅 will be on hand this Friday, with interactive community feedback. The sketch incorporates ideas from homeless youth, service providers and community members: a street-level coffee house, with a small lending library, art room, and connections to adjacent rooms for a wellness center, education, counseling services and a studio space for ongoing community-campus collaborative projects.

鈥淥ur aim with the Doorway Project is to create a community caf茅, a safe space and resource hub for all young people in the U District experiencing housing and food insecurity 鈥� to have it be a welcoming place for coffee and positive community connections so everyone has a chance to thrive,鈥� Ensign said.

In a region as expensive as the Puget Sound, making ends meet affects college students, too.

Rent, utilities and food can run into the hundreds, if not thousands, of dollars a month 鈥� and for students without the means, it’s a daunting and sometimes compromising challenge.

Urban@UW is trying to learn more about the situations facing students. From now through March 16, a is available for students ages 18 or older at all three 天美影视传媒 campuses. The voluntary survey is confidential.

Organizers say the information is vital to learning more about how students confront housing and food insecurity.

“It’s a broad perception and assumption that students in post-secondary education don’t have an issue with meeting basic needs,” said , an assistant professor of public policy in the Evans School and faculty chair of Urban@UW’s . “In the Puget Sound region, we have experienced exponential increases in the cost of living, mostly associated with housing costs, but there’s been no systematic effort to understand how that affects students.”

Urban@UW is an interdisciplinary effort to tackle city issues through research, teaching and community collaboration. Last fall, faculty involved in the Homelessness Research Initiative debuted , a quarterly caf茅, with outreach services, targeted at homeless youth and the University District neighborhood as a whole. The most recent pop-up caf茅, held Feb. 25, served more than 120 people in the parking lot of the University Heights Center. The next is scheduled April 22 in the same location.

As part of the research initiative, Fyall is leading the UW student survey, along with , an associate professor of landscape architecture, and , an associate professor at the Nursing and Healthcare Leadership Program at UW Tacoma.

The idea for the survey grew from the same 2016 faculty summit that launched the research initiative. Assembled with the help of student focus groups, as well as faculty and staff members, the survey asks a series of questions about housing and food costs, frequency of moves, and the resources students use to meet their needs, from campus food pantries to financial assistance programs.

The survey also is similar to one that Stevens conducted at UW Tacoma five years ago. That survey estimated that nearly one-third of the Tacoma student body was “food insecure,” as defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and 10 percent met federal education law criteria for homelessness. The data from that survey ultimately led, through the UW Tacoma Office of Equity & Inclusion, to the creation of a food pantry, which receives 500 to 700 individual visits a month, Stevens said. Following the survey, the Department of Student Engagement hired a social worker and two interns to manage emergency aid to students, thanks to the involvement of various campus partners.

What interventions might emerge from the new, tri-campus survey are unknown, Fyall said. A follow-up study to interview students struggling with these challenges, for which Fyall and her colleagues have applied for funding, could reveal more about how students are coping, and lead to some additional resources from the administration.

“We can’t work on the problem without having the data,” she said.

Each campus population is different, Stevens added. Eventual solutions could address specific needs, possibly changing how the university constructs financial aid packages, provides emergency aid, or allocates additional funding to broaden services in the food pantry such as culturally appropriate offerings.

“Even with all the things we have to provide access into universities, it’s still not enough for certain populations of students,” Stevens said. “There’s inequity among our population, and it’s our role to address that inequity. We’re changing our society, because there will be more educated people in our community. These students aren’t asking for anything except for a really good education, and it shouldn’t be harder for some students than others.”