More than 40,000 property deeds containing racially discriminatory language have been uncovered in Western Washington by the , and director and his team aren’t finished yet.

In 2021, the Washington State Legislature authorized the project to find and map neighborhoods where property deeds contained racial covenants. No longer legally enforced, racial covenants prevented certain groups of people, usually Black people, from buying or occupying property. This created segregated cities that reserved desirable areas for white people.

Gregory, professor of history at the ����Ӱ�Ӵ�ý, oversees a research team at the UW that handles counties in Western Washington. , professor of history at Eastern Washington University, leads a group that researches the eastern side of the state.

Mostly due to the work of students and nearly 800 volunteers, Gregory’s team has so far identified documents in several counties, including King, Pierce, Snohomish, Whatcom and Thurston. are available on the project’s website. Some counties aren’t finished; others haven’t been started.

“This has become such a community venture,” Gregory said. “It goes to show how the ����Ӱ�Ӵ�ý serves the broader community. So much of what we are thought of doing is just academic work that’s really abstract. This is a service project basically for the people of Washington state.”

On-site volunteers are increasingly necessary for the project because several counties, including King, don’t have the digital records that allow for a quick search of relevant terms. Examining physical books or microfilm is a more time-consuming process. For months, the project team has been removing batches of reels from the King County archives and reading them in the Suzzallo Library on the UW’s Seattle campus.

The effort was authorized and funded in 2021 by the Washington State Legislature under , which addresses the presence of the covenants and gives property owners and residents options for legally removing the language from their deeds. Gregory plans to ask for renewed funding to continue the effort and purchase a high-speed scanner to digitize property records and speed up the rest of the work.

“We’re roughly halfway there,” Gregory said, “and I hope the legislature agrees that we should continue.”

Nicholas Boren, a UW junior who is majoring in informatics, develops and manages computer programs that use text recognition to automatically search for racial restrictions in those property records that have been digitized. Then Zooniverse, a citizen science web portal, allows volunteers to double-check documents flagged by Boren’s algorithm.

“People don’t think of software, artificial intelligence and machine learning as being used to help people,” Boren said. “But engineers should be thinking about the choices they make and how software can be actively used for good.”

Along with reviewing documents, the project also prioritizes community outreach. Students often present to community and church groups. Recently, students spoke with the Mercer Island City Council in a Zoom meeting that was attended by more than 300 residents. Several cities in King County had their diversity, equity and inclusion staff members complete training and volunteer with the project, Gregory said.

Recently, about 20 lawyers and staff from the law firm Davis Wright Tremaine LLP and real estate company Redfin volunteered at Suzzallo Library. After several students gave a presentation on the history of racial restrictions, the lawyers helped read King County deeds and identify restrictions.

UW seniors Erin Miller, who is majoring in law, societies and justice with a minor in informatics, and Samantha Cutts, a history and international studies major, are both involved with research, data management and community outreach. They agreed the project has been an eye-opening experience

“It’s a learning process for me, as much as it is for the people I’m teaching,” said Miller, who got involved after writing a paper for one of Gregory’s classes on the dichotomy of her identity as a half-Black, mixed-race woman. “I’m being educated about things that have impacted my life, my ancestors and the way my family settled in Washington state.

“In our presentations, we talk about how we often assume that segregation and discrimination happened in the South and weren’t necessarily part of the Pacific Northwest. But they were. It’s happening in a lot of our backyards, and we don’t even know it. One of the most gratifying things is being able to educate people that these things exist.”

The documents uncovered by the project force people to face their history and reckon with systemic racism, Cutts said.

“As a Jewish individual, I know there is a long history of oppression of Jewish people,” Cutts said. “We’ve seen restrictions that specifically prevent Jewish people from living in certain areas. Through working on this project, I confronted my interactions with the history of ethnic and racial discrimination to see how direct it really was.”

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For more information, contact Gregory at gregoryj@uw.edu and the project team at wacovenants@gmail.com.

Recent notable books by ����Ӱ�Ӵ�ý faculty members explore the importance of Hebrew to modern America, remember the 1919 Seattle General Strike and look at issues in education, among other topics.

Practical advice for healthy travel, near or far

A new book by offers simple, practical recommendations for those traveling near or far, short or long term, for work or recreation, to “destinations ranging from rural areas to large cities, in both developing and industrialized nations.”

“” was published in December by ����Ӱ�Ӵ�ý Press. Sanford is an associate professor of family medicine and global health with the UW School of Medicine.

In the book, Sanford gives common-sense advice on how to prevent communicable diseases and mosquito-borne illnesses, travelers’ diarrhea and other maladies, and how to evaluate post-trip symptoms. He focuses on ailments and injuries that travelers are most likely to encounter, noting that “if something occurs less frequently than one-in-a-million, it probably isn’t going to happen to you.” The work also covers concerns unique to women, men, children, LGBTQ individuals and travelers with chronic illnesses.

As Sanford said in a , “The more you travel, the less you fear, and the folks who are the most afraid are those who have never traveled.”

To learn more, contact Sanford at casanfo@uw.edu.

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UW-edited book explores value of Hebrew to contemporary America

, UW professor of Hebrew and comparative literature, has edited a volume of scholars, writers and translators discussing the changing status of Hebrew in the United States.

“ edited by Sokoloff with of Washington University, was published in late summer by UW Press.

The book, publishers notes state, asks how the status of Hebrew is affected by current Jewish identities and shifting attitudes toward Israel and Zionism. “Will Hebrew programs survive the current crisis in the humanities on university campuses? How can the vibrancy of Hebrew language be conveyed to a larger audience?”

The volume features essays “that give fellow Americans a glimpse into the richness of an exceptional language.” Contributors include , a former staff member with the UW’s ; and the late Alan Mintz, who was a professor at the Jewish Theological Seminary and author of “,” published by UW Press in 2011.

“What We Talk About When We Talk About Hebrew” (which borrows part of its title from a famous 1981 by ) “addresses the challenges and joys of being a Hebraist in America in the 21^st century … focusing not just on what Hebrew means — as a global phenomenon and long-lived tradition — but on what it can mean to Americans.”

Sokoloff is the co-editor (with UW history professor ) of “,” published in 2010 by UW Press, and author of “,” published by Johns Hopkins University Press in 1992.

For more information, contact Sokoloff at 206-543-7145 or naosok@uw.edu.

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Principals support teachers in ‘Leading for Professional Learning’

How can principals better support and encourage professional development among teachers? A new book written by faculty members in the UW provides practical tools and guidance.

“” was published in October by Wiley/Jossey-Bass. The book was written by , and . Markholt is the educational leadership center’s associate director and Michelson is its director of teacher leadership and learning. Fink, a UW affiliate professor of education, is the center’s founder and was executive director from 2001 until 2018. All are affiliated with the UW .

“Leadership is crucial to professional learning, providing the necessary systems and structures that enable teachers to improve their own practice and in turn, improve student learning,” say publisher’s notes for the book. Because each school has different strengths and needs, the book shows school and district leaders ways to create support plans tailored to their own context.

Empowering teachers to improve their craft is more than merely offering opportunity, the book advises — “it requires collaboration with teachers every step of the way, a deep understanding of how best to support professional learning, a clear set of goals for both individual sessions and an overarching mission, and the necessary technical and relational support required to see these opportunities through.”

Listen to an at Principal Center Radio. To learn more, contact Markholt at 206-221-6881 or markholt@uw.edu; or Michelson at 206-715-2833 or jlm32@uw.edu.

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Unexpected uses of technology the focus of ‘Left to Our Own Devices’

A father uses a smart speaker to gently enforce time limits. A couple uses smart lights to work through conflict. People find unexpected ways to adapt technology to fit their lives, as explores in her book, “.”

Morris is an affiliate faculty member in the UW’s as well as a psychologist and app creator. Her book was published in December by MIT Press.

We are warned of the perils of technology, Morris states, “but our devices and data are woven into our lives. We can’t simply reject them.” Instead, she suggests, “we need to adapt technology creatively to our needs and values.”

In the book, Morris examines how such personalized “life hacks … cast technology not just as a temptation that we struggle to resist but as a potential ally as we try to take care of ourselves and others.”

To learn more, contact Morris at margiemm@uw.edu.

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College of Education instructor pens field guide to inquiry-based teaching

, a teaching associate in the UW College of Education, explores through five key strategies in “,”

“One part practical guide, one part interactive journal, this book provides the opportunity to do inquiry as you read about it,” publishers notes state. Readers can see what inquiry-based instruction looks like in practice through five key strategies that can be implemented in any learning environment.

The book offers 50 practical inquiry experiences that can be used with students or with fellow teachers. One online reviewer said Mitchell “has translated the latest terminology — pedagogical jargon — into lively language and useful advice.”

“Experience Inquiry” was published in September by Sage as part of its Corwin Teaching Essentials series. Mitchell is also founder of , a professional learning organization dedicated to promoting inquiry-based teaching strategies.

To learn more, contact Mitchell at 206-434-8274 or klasher@uw.edu

* * *

Other book notes:

• UW history professor wrote a new introduction and afterword — and contributed a photo essay — to the November republication by UW Press of Robert L. Friedheim’s popular 1964 book, “.” UW Tacoma historian Michael Honey praised the republication, saying the account of the 1919 work stoppage “takes us back to when labor solidarity seemed to make all things possible.” .
• “” by Margaret Willson has been published in paperback by UW Press. Willson is a UW affiliate professor of anthropology and a faculty member in the Canadian Studies Center. The book was first published, by UW Press, in April 2016.
• “” by , published as an e-book in 2013, has been updated and brought out in paperback by Island Press. Wolfe is an affiliate associate professor of urban design and planning in the UW College of Built Environments, where he teaches land use law at the graduate level.

There will be book readings, documentary films, a bus tour and live performances and presentations at several locations from Jan. 16 through Feb. 9.

The Seattle General Strike was a five-day stoppage by some 65,000 workers beginning the morning of Feb. 6, 1919, just three months after the armistice that ended World War I. The strike began in the shipyards but soon nearly all of the city’s 110 local labor unions walked off their jobs in a show of unity. The strike, denounced by most local and national press at the time, lasted five days.

The Labor Archives of Washington, housed at the ����Ӱ�Ӵ�ý curated by archivist , is joined in these events by many partners, including the UW’s , under the heading of Solidarity Centennial. The still-growing list of related events is online at .

Featured in the events is UW history professor , who has written a new introduction and afterword — and contributed a photo essay — to the November republication by ����Ӱ�Ӵ�ý Press of Robert L. Friedheim’s 1964 book, “” in a “centennial edition.”

Gregory will read from the book at 7 p.m. Jan. 16 at Third Place Books at Seward Park, and at 6 p.m. Feb. 4 at the University Bookstore.

Gregory also collaborated with playwright Ed Mast, the Seattle Labor Chorus and the labor archives in creating an immersive performance piece titled “,” a telling of these events through the voices of workers, politicians and others, with live music. The performance will be at 7 p.m. on Feb. 6 at Seattle’s . An exhibit and audience activities will precede the performance, and a Q and A session will follow.

Gregory will be among the speakers at “,” the Labor Archives of Washington’s annual event. Other speakers are Nicole Grant of MLK Labor (formerly the MLK Jr. County Labor Council), historians and authors Dana Frank and Cal Winslow, and activist and author Jonathan Rosenblum.  This will be from 1 to 5 p.m. Feb. 9 at the Seattle Labor Temple, 2800 First Ave.

Beginning on Feb. 4, the Labor Archives of Washington and UW Libraries will present an exhibit titled “” in the lobby and reference room of the Special Collections area and in Allen Library. In time, the exhibit will travel to other locations, and be presented as a website.

The Centralia Tragedy, also called the Centralia Massacre or the Armistice Day Riot, was a violent clash during an Armistice parade in that southwest Washington town on Nov. 11, 1919, that left six dead. The exhibit will offer multiple viewpoints on the events with documents, photographs and artifacts preserved by the participants, and will be on display until June 7.

Casey said there will be other events, and likely a separate library exhibit, later in the year, noting the November centennial pf the Centralia Tragedy.

“The year 1919 gave Seattle a reputation that has been reproduced by generations ever since,” Gregory wrote in the afterword to Friedheim’s history of the strike, “partly through the selective migration of people who know and appreciate the city’s labor and radical history and who think that something interesting may be happening in this far northwest corner of the United States.

“And that expectation becomes self-fulfilling as these newcomers fuel new waves of political activism, helping to renew the city’s reputation as a progressive and sometimes radical place, as the city of the General Strike.”

Other events include:

• the premiere of the documentary “,” covering three decades of labor strife in the Pacific Northwest in the early 20^th century, at 1 p.m. Feb. 2 at MOHAI
• a screening of the documentary “” at 6 p.m. on Feb. 7 at MOHAI
• a of sites related to the Seattle General Strike on the morning of Feb. 9.

Other partners in Solidarity Central include the MLK Labor, the Museum of History and Industry, the Pacific Northwest Labor History Association, the Washington State Labor Council, Historylink.org, the Wing Luke Museum and .

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For more information on the Labor Archives of Washington or UW participation in the centennial celebrations, contact Casey at cmcasey@uw.edu, or Gregory at 206-543-7792 or gregoryj@uw.edu.

A pre-World War II photo of cannery workers posed in solidarity. Industrial workers clasp arms in a 1930s poster that says “An injury to one is an injury to all.” Workers gather in a 1945 mural over a poster reading: “Build a free world. No masters, no slaves.” A recent snapshot of Seattle City Councilwoman Kshama Sawant and others campaigning for the $15 minimum wage.

These are among thousands of images, documents, records and more in the extensive , housed in the Special Collections area of UW Libraries. The archives are a collaborative project of the libraries with the .

The archives are overseen by UW Labor Archivist with the help of with assistant labor archivist.

With Labor Day approaching, UW News asked Casey to choose a dozen images that represent the variety and impact of the archives. The images are below, with captions written by Casey — who also answered a few questions about the archives and their important work.

What is the formal mission of the labor archives?  

The Labor Archives of Washington was founded to collect, preserve, and create access to labor-related materials from individuals and organizations documenting the local, national, and international dimensions of the labor movement in the Pacific Northwest. The archives’ collections reveal the intersection between labor unions and social justice, civil rights, and political organizations that feature a labor relations or labor rights dimension as part of their focus.

How extensive are the archives? How many items and categories?

We have over 300 collection components, and about 3,000 cubic feet of materials — a cubic foot is about a copier paper box full of materials. We also have a lot of materials (meaning items that originated in digital form) including oral histories, curated websites and born-digital collections.

How do items come to the archives? 

People and organizations often contact us seeking advice about how or where to preserve their historical materials. I have built ongoing relationships that yield new collections, and I initiate connections with people or organizations that include new collecting areas.

As a subject expert on labor history and related topics, I’m aware of trends of scholarship in academic study and in activism and issue-based organizings. I incorporate anticipated research value in those trends in how I seek out and appraise new collections, what I prioritize for processing, and what we emphasize in our outreach activities. We work closely with faculty, students and researchers to understand how this history is being taught and what topics students are researching. This helps us set collecting, processing and outreach goals.

I also use my knowledge of those areas to identify gaps and areas where we can strengthen our collections. We have been doing that with collections documenting female labor leaders, union members and occupations, public sector unions, communities of color — especially Filipinx and Latinx communities, and LGBTQ communities. These supplement and complement our traditional collection strengths in records documenting organized labor, European American workers, and traditionally male gendered occupations.

What is the process when new items or collections are donated to the archives?

Collections come to us in many ways. Donors may contact us directly, or they may be referred by community members or faculty. Some reach out to use the collections based on seeing media coverage on television, radio, podcasts, streaming video or our posts on social media. Our annual events and partnerships with other organizations and on-site and traveling exhibits generate donations as well.

I may contact donors myself. We are constantly trying to reach out to new audiences of users and donors. One new tool that we are using is a regional labor and labor-related records survey — Crystal is the point person for this — to understand what collections are out there, what types of materials there are, and what kinds of conditions they are stored in. This will eventually identify new collecting opportunities as well as identify areas of risk and need by our stakeholder communities.

You seem a perfect fit for your job, Conor. What background in labor unions brought you to this work?

I have labor history in my blood. I came to it from researching family history. My maternal grandfather was a longshore worker and union member, and my grandparents got married during the 1934 Pacific Coast Maritime Strike. My other grandfather was a union electrician, and both of my grandmothers were union workers when they were wage workers.

My father was an elementary school teacher and union chapter leader before he retired, so I have an awareness and appreciation of the labor movement. I was raised in a working-class household in an ethnically diverse community, so I grew up with an inclusive vision of the need to honor and preserve the history of diverse communities. At the same time, I was drawn to this as a rich intellectual topic academically. In my studies, I pursued anthropology, history and library science as a means of understanding the culture of diverse groups of people over time and how to preserve and promote that history and culture.

Having a job where I collect and preserve the stories of working people is an honor and a privilege. These people  built our country. Their work has dignity and worth.

This history records the achievements of working people and their organizations in improving wages, working conditions, health and safety, and on-the-job democracy. Everyone who works for a living today enjoys the results of these accomplishments, but their origins are often mystified or forgotten. People often aren’t taught about it in school.

Long- and hard-fought achievements are not guaranteed to endure if we forget how they were won. As Frederick Douglass said, “Power concedes nothing without a demand. It never did and it never will.”

There is no forward arrow of progress to time; no guarantee that all of these rights and privileges won’t be lost if current and future generations fail to remember and honor their history and protect these achievements for the future. As well, new modes of worker organizing are constantly arising, and being aware of those to ensure that we document evolving movements is an ongoing part of our work.

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For more information, contact Casey at 206-685-3976 or  cmcasey@uw.edu.

The multifaceted , in the ����Ӱ�Ӵ�ý Department of History, has an important new component — the .

There will be a public launch of the new project at 7 p.m. Monday, Oct. 10, in Room 340 of the HUB, and the public is invited.

The project was compiled by , UW doctoral student in history. It details and documents the history of gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender activism in Seattle and Western Washington with a narrative history, photos, oral histories, a timeline and catalog of area LGBTQ activist organizations.

“Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer people have been visible and politically active in Seattle for generations. Their activism has yielded pioneering civil rights victories,” McKenna writes on the website. He notes that the Seattle City Council was “quicker than most municipal governments in acknowledging and passing protections for the gay community on the heels of gay liberation,” adopting an ordinance against employment discrimination in 1973 and a housing nondiscrimination ordinance in 1975.

But serious issues still face Seattle and King County’s LGBTQ communities, McKenna adds. “Even in King County, queer youth continue to face disproportionate rates of homelessness, mental health issues and domestic violence, and trans people are far more likely to live in poverty that cisgendered people.”

The timeline of activism — commissioned by the UW’s , runs from the mid-19^th century to Seattle’s 2013 election of its first openly gay mayor. The site’s listing of dozens of LGBTQ organizations in the area is something of a timeline, too, beginning in the 1960s and the 1967 founding of the Dorian Society, “the first and only homophile organization in Seattle.”

“It is an exciting set of resources that show for the first time the generations of activism that changed rights and attitudes in Seattle and made it possible for the city to claim, justifiably, to have produced sequences of pioneering legislation including one of the nation’s first nondiscrimination laws,” said , UW professor of history and director of the Seattle Civil Rights & Labor History Project.

The LGBTQ Activism in Seattle History Project is supported by the , the , UW Libraries, the and other UW units, as well as and 4Culture, for King County.

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For more information, contact McKenna at is 949-413-1101or mckennakevin13@gmail.com, or Gregory at 206-543-7792 or gregoryj@uw.edu.

Though pioneers settled Seattle and make for colorful storytelling, they had mostly passed from the scene by the time the 20^th century drew near and the area started taking on the urban feel of a city, says ����Ӱ�Ӵ�ý historian John Findlay.

Seattle’s past — from its earliest years to the turn of the 21^st century — will be the topic of the Winter 2016 History Lecture Series, “.” The series, sponsored by the UW Alumni Association, will run Wednesdays at 7:30 p.m. from Jan. 13 to Feb 3 in Room 130 of Kane Hall. It will feature presentations by department faculty , , and .

“The pioneers get more than their share of attention, and often they are more or less permitted to tell their own story,” Findlay said. “But paradoxically, to my point of view, pioneers lived in Seattle during its least urban phase.”

Findlay, who speaks first, noted that much of Seattle’s growth came in waves, with population soaring from 1880 to 1910 — “shedding its pioneer remnants” — and again between 1940 and 1960 and as the 20^th century gave way to the 21^st.

“These phases of rapid growth I call pandemonium,” he said. “They are very hard for historians to capture, in part because the overall change and population turnover are so fast.”

• Taylor is a professor emeritus of history and creator of , the 13,000-page African-American history website. He will speak Jan. 20 on “The Peopling of Seattle: Race, Migration and Immigration.”
• Nash is an associate professor of history and director of the UW’s . She will speak Jan. 27 on “Putting People in Their Place: Seattle’s Environmental History.”
• Gregory is a professor of history and organizer of a growing set of digital resources called the . He will speak Feb. 3 on “Left Coast City: The History of a Political Reputation.”

Findlay said, “When going through phases of rapid growth, as we are right now, growth feels threatening and chaotic. Many identify scapegoats to blame — the Chinese during the 1880s, or Amazon.com today — without appreciating the broader picture.

“By contrast to pandemonium moments, pioneer days may seem like a haven of stability.”

Tickets to the 2016 History Lecture Series are available through the UW Alumni Association.

• Also, panel discussion, “The Future of Seattle,” 7:30 p.m. Feb 10: What will the city look like in 20 years? As a complement to the History Lecture Series, the UW Office of External Affairs and Alumni Association will present this discussion moderated by Enrique Cerna. Panelists will be labor leader David Rolf, education advocate Trish Millines Dziko, social benefit entrepreneur Ruby Love and sustainable development innovator Eric Carlson. The discussion will be held in Room 130 of Kane Hall. Free but separate is required.

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For more information about the 2016 History Lecture Series speakers and their work, contact Findlay at 206-543-2573 or jfindlay@uw.edu; Nash at 206-616-7176 or lnash@uw.edu; Taylor at 206-543-5698 or qtaylor@uw.edu; or Gregory at 206-543-7752 or gregoryj@uw.edu.

It’s one thing to read that the grew from three branches nationwide in 1912 to 894 branches in 1945, but it’s more interesting and revealing to watch that expansion — from Tacoma to Bangor, Maine, and beyond — on an interactive map, as the decades slide by.

That sort of data visualization lies at the heart of ����Ӱ�Ӵ�ý historian ‘s new collaborative digital project, “.”

The project has the three-part goal of developing geographic data about social movements, producing such visualizations as interactive maps and charts, and providing analysis and interpretation of the data they present.

The maps are part of a growing group of websites overseen by Gregory, a professor of history and author, developed with students and colleagues over several years. Those resources are grouped as the .

New technologies for interactive mapping and data visualization are enabling researchers to look again and more closely at critical questions in history. With this still-growing project, Gregory uses the technology to study the historical role of radicalism in American politics — an issue, he said, that has long puzzled historians.

“Until now, historians and social scientists have mostly studied social movements in isolation and often with little attention to geography,” he said. “This project allows us to explore the relationships between social movements by bringing them together in time and space. It enables new understandings of how social movements interact, change and reproduce over time.”

Much of what might be called radicalism grew through social movements rather than political parties, Gregory said. These movements have often been fragmented in nature, with civil rights, women’s rights, environmentalism, anti-war protest and cultural issues all vying for public attention.

“This fragmentation makes the American left hard to define,” he said. Historical studies thus far have proved better at chronicling specific episodes of radicalism than explaining the movement as a whole. Historians, Gregory said, must “wrestle fully” with the fragmented nature of the American left to properly study the left as a movement.

“How has it met the challenge of endurance?” Gregory asks. “Movements seem to come and go. Radicalism seems to flourish for a time, and then dies back. Yet new lefts manage to appear later. How does that happen?”

The dramatic rise of the NAACP is one of many progressive trends depicted on the Mapping Social Movements website. Here are a few others.

• Maps of the “reveal a geography of radicalism that has since disappeared,” Gregory said, with one map showing all of 353 towns and cities that elected Socialist mayors and other public officials in the years before World War I. A generation later those areas — such as Marshall County, Oklahoma, and Butler County, Ohio — had largely become conservative. “Nowadays, residents wouldn’t know what to think about their radical history,” Gregory said.

• American voters seemed less concerned about the before the Cold War that followed World War II. “By mapping the vote totals in each state and county for Communist candidates in elections from 1922 to 1944, we learn something about the numbers of party loyalists and where they lived,” Gregory said. This shows expected support in New York and Chicago, but, surprisingly, also strong Communist Party support in California in the late 1930s and early 1940s.

• The project’s mapping of the , or IWW — also called “Wobblies” — is its most detailed yet. “The scope of the activity is one surprise,” Gregory said, with IWW unions found in more than 350 towns and cities across 38 states and territories as well as five Canadian provinces from 1905 to 1920, “but seeing the density of activity in Louisiana, Texas, Indiana and Ohio is eye opening.”

Additions coming soon to the site, Gregory said, are maps about the , or CORE, another important civil rights organization, and union activity by the . Preliminary versions of the site have used the Tableau and Google Fusion platforms. Gregory said he’ll need additional technologies to create the more complex maps he wants, overlaying data in various arrangements.

Gregory intends this project to be collaborative; he has already secured contributions or commitments from a dozen scholars at the UW and beyond.

“This seems to be working,” Gregory said. “As we move forward, I will be reaching out to social scientists who have developed very large datasets funded by the National Science Foundation and other federal agencies. Their data is supposed to be made public, and we offer a way to do that.”

In time, the digital project will become the basis for a set of articles and a digitally published book “that will explore the political geography of radical movements and reassess the ways they have interacted, regenerated themselves and influenced political and cultural life during the 20^th century.”

Assisting in this work were doctoral student , in the UW history department, and undergraduate students Rebecca Flores, Arianne Hermida and Katie Anastas. The project was funded through grants from the , the Lenore Hanauer Fund, the and the , all at the UW.

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For more information, contact Gregory at 206-543-7792 or gregoryj@uw.edu.